ControlTable Treatment Model

In the treatment model control table you can configure how forest management treatments are simulated.

Regeneration - model

Allows you to control how forest regenerations are simulated, regarding planting, natural regeneration using seed trees, and sowing.

Regeneration Model Type

• Simulation: simulate regeneration from a Weibull distribution.
• Database: simulate regeneration by imputation of plot data from a database (supplied).

Regeneration - settings

Deterministic Application

(only if Simulation is selected) True applies deterministic regeneration model components, False do not (then stochastic).

Mean Sapling Height When Activated

(only if Simulation is selected)

Defines the arithmetic mean height in meters at stand-level[plot-level?] when trees are initiated, for Natural regeneration, Sowing, Spruce plantation, Pine plantation, and Contorta plantation, respectively. Development before this height is obtained by linear interpolation.

Regeneration Year

Defines the number of years from time of final felling to time of regeneration, applied in simulations of Plantation and Sowing.

Regeneration Settings

Defines the number of seedlings per hectare applied in Plantation (or in Sowing, or in Natural regeneration using seed trees, respectively) following Soil scarification (or Controlled burning, or None, respectively), regarding the tree species and site index. This seedling consumption table will, obviously, lead to certain regeneration costs.

Soil Preparation Year

Defines the number of years from time of final felling to time of soil preparation, applied in simulations of Soil scarification and Controlled burning. Obviously, this number can not exceed settings in Regeneration Year.

Cleaning - model

Allows you to control how cleanings, a.k.a. pre-commercial thinnings, are simulated.

Cleaning Model

Heureka cleaning defines one model of tree removal, actually cutting of saplings, in the cleaning simulations.

Hugin cleaning defines another model of tree removal, currently corresponding to the above, in the cleaning simulations.

Deterministic Application

True applies deterministic cleaning model components, False do not (then stochastic).

Cleaning - settings

Mean Height Cleaning

Min defines the minimum arithmetic mean height in meters at stand-level when cleaning is simulated.

Max defines the maximum arithmetic mean height in meters at stand-level when cleaning is simulated.

Min Stems Cleaned

Defines the minimum number of stems per hectare to be cut in cleanings. No cleaning will be simulated if stem density is so low that less stems are able to cut, regarding all current tree species.

Settings for Deciduous Trees

Alfa and Beta are coefficients in a function calculating the priority factor of deciduous tree species. Deciduous trees, i.e. all broadleaves, will then be retained in cleanings prior to coniferuous trees.

Settings for Pine

Alfa and Beta are coefficients in function calculating the priority factor of pine trees. Pines, i.e. Pinus ssp., will then be retained in cleanings prior to deciduous and other coniferuous trees.

Settings for Spruce

Alfa and Beta are coefficients in function calculating the priority factor of spruce trees. Spruces, i.e. Picea abies, will then be removed[or retained?] in cleanings prior to deciduous and other coniferuous trees.

Fertilization

Allows you to control how fertilizations are simulated.

FertilizerAmount

Defines the amount of fertilizer in kilogram per hectare used in the simulations.

FertilizerSubstance

AN defines that ammonium nitrate is the active substance in fertilizations.

UREA defines that urea, i.e. ammoniac[?], is the active substance in fertilizations.

MaxAnnualGrowth

Defines the maximum annual growth, in m³sk/ha, if fertilization of the stand is to be simulated.

MeanHeightLimitFertilization

Defines the minimum average height (basal area weighted) in meters if fertilization of the stand is to be simulated.

MinConiferProportion

Defines the minimum proportion of conifers, in percentage of basal area, if fertilization of the stand is to be simulated.

SiteIndex

Min defines the minimum site index value in meters if fertilization of the stand is to be simulated.

Max defines the maximum site index value in meters if fertilization of the stand is to be simulated.

Intensive Fertilization

HeightIntensiveFertilization

Min defines the minimum average height in meters if fertilization is to be initiated in the young stand.

Max defines the maximum average height in meters if fertilization is to be initiated in the young stand.

MinSpruceProportionIntensiveFertilization

Defines the minimum proportion of spruce, in percentage of basal area (or of stems per hectare), if fertilization is to be initiated in the young stand.

MinStemsIntensiveFertilization

Defines the minimum number of stems per hectare if fertilization is to be initiated in the young stand.

Thinning - model

Allows you to control how thinnings are simulated. See Thinning for a complete description.

ThinningAlgorithm

Hugin defines one model of tree selection in the thinning simulations.

LOEriksson defines another model of tree selection in the thinning simulations.

Thinning - settings

Distance Between Striproads

Defines the distance in meters between the centre of adjacent stip roads, used in simulation of the first thinning in a stand.

Harvest Striproads

True simulates the cutting of strip roads if a stand is thinned for the first time, False do not.

Max Thinning Grade

Defines the maximum thinning intensity, in percentage of basal area, including any cutting of strip roads.

MinDiameterThinning

Defines the minimum diameter, in centimeters, of trees to be cut in thinnings.

RelativeDiameter

(only if LOEriksson is selected)

First defines the relationship between the mean diameters of trees cut and trees retained in first thinning of a stand, expressed in percentage.

Second defines the relationship between the mean diameters of trees cut and trees retained in second and following thinnings of a stand, expressed in percentage.

Striproad Width

Defines the width of strip roads in meters.

Thinning Algorithm Parameters

Applies when Thinning Algorithm = Hugin.

Deciduous/Conifers (x1)

Parameter for adjusting thinning grade of deciduous trees versus conifers.

x1 = 0: Same proportion.

x1 > 0: Thinning grade for deciduous trees is relatively larger than thinning grade for conifers.

x1 < 0: Thinning grade for conifers is larger than for deciduous.

Range: between -1 and 1.

Default: 0

Spruce/Pine (x2)

Parameter for adjusting thinning grade of spruce trees versus pine (including contorta).

x2 = 0: Same proportion.

x2 > 0: Thinning grade for spruce is larger than for pine.

x2 < 0: Thinning grade for pine is larger than for spruce.

Range: between -1 and 1.

Default: 0

From above/below (x3)

Parameter for thinning form.

x3 = 0: Uniform thinning.

x3 > 0: Thinning from above.

x3 < 0: Thinning from below.

Range: between -1 and 1.

Default: -0.2 (i.e. from below)

Second smallest/smallest (x4)

Parameter for distributing thinning grade over two smallest diameter classes, in each thinning species group (spruce, pine, deciduous).

x4 = 0: For each species group, Same proportion in diameter class 1 and 2.

x4 > 0: Higher thinning grade in diameter class 2 than in diameter class 1.

x4 < 0: Higher thinning grade in diameter class 1 than in diameter class 2.

Range: between -1 and 1.

Default: -0.1 (i.e. relatively more of smallest)

Largest/Second largest (x5)

Parameter for distributing thinning grade over two largest diameter classes.

x5 = 0: Uniform thinning.

x5 > 0: Thin more of largest trees.

x5 < 0: Thin more of second largest than of largest trees.

Range: between -1 and 1.

Default: -0.1 (i.e. relatively more of second largest)

ThinningGuideCoefficients

• Pine: include the settings for basal area development of Pinus sylvestris, applied when thinning guides are used. Set the constant and the coefficients (of site index and dominant height, respectively) used in calculations of the tree species' basal area, before and after thinning.
• Spruce: include the settings for basal area development of Picea abies, applied when thinning guides are used. Set the constant and the coefficients (of site index and dominant height, respectively) used in calculations of the tree species' basal area, before and after thinning.
• Deciduous: include the settings for basal area development of deciduous trees, applied when thinning guides are used. Set the constant and the coefficients (of site index and dominant height, respectively) used in calculations of the tree species' basal area, before and after thinning.

ThinningType

These parameters are only used in cost functions.

• NotSpecified: defines that non specified thinning types should be simulated.
• StripRoad: defines that thinnings with strip roads should be simulated.
• StripRoadMidFieldMachine: defines that thinnings with harvester should be simulated.
• StripRoadMidFieldChainsaw: defines that thinnings with harvester and manual labour (with chainsaw) should be simulated.

Tolerance

(only if LOEriksson is selected)

Defines the maximum deviation between target and simulated thinning intensity, expressed in value range (0, 1), to be accepted at the plot-level[?].

UMax

(only if LOEriksson is selected)

Defines the maximum proportion, regarding basal area, of a single tree of all trees cut at the plot-level, expressed in percentage and value range (80, 100).

UMin

(only if LOEriksson is selected)

Defines the minimum proportion, regarding basal area, of a single tree of all trees cut at the plot-level, expressed in percentage and value range (0, 20).

VaryThinningIntensity

True allows for thinning intensity to vary between plots (proportional to basal area), False do not.

Final felling

Allows you to control how final fellings (sometimes referred to as "clear cuttings") are simulated.

MinDiameterFinalFelling

Defines the minimum diameter, in centimeters, to be cut in the simulations.

SeedTreeControlParameter

(only if SeedTree or Shelterwood is selected) Same as ThinningControlParameter

====TreeRetention==== (only if SeedTree or Shelterwood is selected) Note: Do not confuse with Tree Retention in control table Nature Conservation

• RetainedBasalAreaLowSI: The basal area, in m²/ha, of seed trees and shelterwood to be retained in stands with site index less than 20 m. *RetainedBasalAreaHighSI: The basal area, in m²/ha, of seed trees and shelterwood to be retained in stands with site index greater than 20 m.
• RemovalTime: The number of years from final felling to when retained trees are cut.
• RetainDominantSpecies: If True, retain trees of the dominant tree species, False do not.
• MinimumRetainedBasalArea: The minimum basal area, in m²/ha at the stand-level, of seed trees and shelterwood to be retained.
• RetainedSpecies: (only if RetainDominantSpecies is False) The tree species to be retained as seed trees and shelterwood.

TypeOfFinalFelling

• Ordinary: All trees with diameter larger than the minimum diameter defined above will be cut in the simulations.
• SeedTree: If set to true, all trees except seed trees, as defined in SeedTreeControlParameter and TreeRetention above, will be cut in the simulations.
• Shelterwood: If set to true, all trees except the shelterwood trees, as defined in SeedTreeControlParameter and TreeRetention above, will be cut in the simulations.

Selection felling

(only if Hugin is selected as thinning model) Allows you to control how selection fellings (usually applied in "continuous forestry") are simulated.

SelectionControlParameter

Same as ThinningControlParameter

Forest fuel

Allows you to control how forest fuel extractions are simulated.

Restrictions

• MinSpruce: defines the minimum proportion of spruce, in percentage of basal area, if extraction is to be simulated.
• MaxDiamStump: defines the maximum diameter, in centimeters, of the stump if extraction is to be simulated.
• MinDiamStump: defines the minimum diameter, in centimeters, of the stump if extraction is to be simulated.

Utilization

• Top: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the top (incl. stem, branches, and needles) that is utilized in extraction.
• BranchesNotTop: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the branches below the top that is utilized in extraction.
• BranchesTop: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the branches of the top that is utilized in extraction.
• DeadBranchesNotTop: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the dead branches below the top that is utilized in extraction.
• DeadBranchesTop: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the dead branches of the top that is utilized in extraction.
• NeedlesTop: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the needles of the top that is utilized in extraction.
• NeedlesNotTop: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the needles below the top that is utilized in extraction.
• Stump: defines the proportion, in percentage, of the stump that is utilized in extraction.